A review of turtles' diversity, distribution, conservation, and threats in Pakistan

Authors

  • Amtyaz Safi University of Karachi
  • Hans-Volker Karl
  • Roohi Kanwal
  • Muhammad Usman Ali Hashmi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17901613

Keywords:

Turtles, Diversity, Distribution, Conservation, Threat, Pakistan

Abstract

This review study is based on the compilation of available information on turtles in Pakistan, including their diversity, distribution, threats, and conservation initiatives across the country. Pakistan has many ecosystems and landscapes that support biodiversity and is home to 15 species of testudines (Tortoises and turtles) belonging to 13 genera and 5 families. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of available records and archives, incorporating field data collected between 2014 and 2024, to document the distribution, threats, and conservation status of chelonians in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study represents an up-to-date, evidence-based report containing information on the occurrence of all turtle and tortoise species in the country.

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Published

2025-12-13

How to Cite

Safi, A., Hans-Volker Karl, Roohi Kanwal, & Muhammad Usman Ali Hashmi. (2025). A review of turtles’ diversity, distribution, conservation, and threats in Pakistan. Sustainability and Biodiversity Conservation, 4(3), 76–120. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17901613